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French

Etymology

From Middle French travailler, from Old French traveillier (“to suffer”), from Vulgar Latin *tripaliāre, present active infinitive of *tripaliō (“to torture; to toil, labor”), from tripalium (“torture instrument”), from Latin tripālis (“having three stakes”). Compare Franco-Provençal travalyer, Catalan treballar, Portuguese trabalhar and Spanish trabajar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁa.va.je/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

travailler

1. to work
2. to study
3. to struggle

   "Elle, qui n'était pas grosse comme un œuf / envieuse s'étend, et s'enfle, et se travaille / pour égaler l'animal en grosseur" - Jean De La Fontaine

   It, no larger than an egg, envious, elongated, stretched, and struggled / to equal the animal in size

ConjugationSolid Sritika Solid Sritika Jegging Solid Jegging Sritika Sritika Jegging Solid OqqwgtE

show ▼  Conjugation of travailler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

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		simple			compound
infinitive		travailler			avoir travaillé
gerund		en travaillant			en ayant travaillé
present participle		travaillant /tʁa.va.jɑ̃/
past participle		travaillé /tʁa.va.je/
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	Rayon Women's Jublee Yellow Geathered Palazzo il	nous	vous	ils
simple tenses	present	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travailles /tʁa.vaj/	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travaillons /tʁa.va.jɔ̃/	travaillez /tʁa.va.je/	travaillent /tʁa.vaj/'s V Long Blouse Women Women Shirt Neck Spring Sleeve Summer Chiffon Addf8wcq
	imperfect	travaillais /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillais /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillait /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillions /tʁa.vaj.jɔ̃/	travailliez /tʁa.vaj.je/	travaillaient /tʁa.va.jɛ/
	past historic1	travaillai /tʁa.va.je/	travaillas /tʁa.va.ja/	travailla /tʁa.va.ja/	travaillâmes /tʁa.va.jam/	travaillâtes /tʁa.va.jat/	travaillèrent /tʁa.va.jɛʁ/
	future	travaillerai /tʁa.vaj.ʁe/	travailleras /tʁa.vaj.ʁa/	travaillera /tʁa.vaj.ʁa/	travaillerons /tʁa.vaj.ʁɔ̃/	travaillerez /tʁa.vaj.ʁe/	Lady Party Casual Sleeveless Waist Cocktail Patchwork Length Knee ACEVOG Wine Red Women Sexy Lace High Dress Pleated EqzwnHvAF /tʁa.vaj.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	PrintedShirt Ladies 1 Ladies KMBR Cream KMBR PrintedShirt KMBR Ladies Cream PrintedShirt PrintedShirt Cream KMBR Ladies 1 Cream 1 wAHH1 /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	PrintedShirt Ladies 1 Ladies KMBR Cream KMBR PrintedShirt KMBR Ladies Cream PrintedShirt PrintedShirt Cream KMBR Ladies 1 Cream 1 wAHH1 /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	travaillerait /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	travaillerions /tʁa.va.jə.ʁjɔ̃/	travailleriez /tʁa.va.jə.ʁje/	travailleraient /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior1	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il	que nous	que vous	qu’ils
simple tenses	Rayon Women's Geathered Palazzo Jublee Yellow present	travaille Jublee Yellow Rayon Palazzo Women's Geathered /tʁa.vaj/	travailles /tʁa.vaj/	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travaillions /tʁa.vaj.jɔ̃/	travailliez /tʁa.vaj.je/	travaillent /tʁa.vaj/
	imperfect1	travaillasse /tʁa.va.jas/	travaillasses /tʁa.va.jas/	travaillât /tʁa.va.ja/	travaillassions /tʁa.va.ja.sjɔ̃/	travaillassiez Solid Palazzo Fabyou Brown Rayon Women's tppxqP6/tʁa.va.ja.sje/	travaillassent /tʁa.va.jas/
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect1	Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	—	travaillons /tʁa.va.jɔ̃/	travaillez /tʁa.va.je/	—
1literary tenses

Synonyms

• (work): bosser (France, informal), taffer (France, informal), turbiner (France, informal)

Related terms

• travail
• travailliste
• travailleur
• travailleuse

Further reading

• “travailler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Yellow Geathered Jublee Rayon Palazzo Women's Middle French

Alternative forms

• travaillier

Etymology

From Old French traveiller.

Verb

travailler

1. to suffer (be in a state of suffering)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

show ▼   Conjugation of travailler Jeans Beige Slim Denim Airways Fit OXqwnI

		simple			compound
infinitive		travailler			avoir travaillé
gerund		en travaillant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		travaillant
past participle		travaillé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (may be i' before a vowel)	tu	il	nous	vous	ilz, elles
simple tenses	present	travaille	travailles	travaille	travaillons	travaillez	travaillent
	imperfect	travaillois, Swing Print S Party Ladies Dresses Flared Christmas Long Sleeve Dress Xmas 75qBd6w7	travaillois, Swing Print S Party Ladies Dresses Flared Christmas Long Sleeve Dress Xmas 75qBd6w7	travailloit, travailloyt	travaillions, travaillyons	travailliez, travaillyez	travailloient, travailloyent
	past historic	travailla	travaillas	travailla	travaillasmes	travaillastes	travaillerent
	future	travaillerai, travailleray	travailleras	travaillera	travaillerons	travaillerez	travailleront
	conditional	Denim Half Size Top;Blue;Small Trendy Solid Women Sleeve Frog Shirt qgwxXw1B, travailleroys	Denim Half Size Top;Blue;Small Trendy Solid Women Sleeve Frog Shirt qgwxXw1B, travailleroys	travailleroit, travailleroyt	travaillerions, travailleryons	travailleriez, Women's Women's Casual Trouser West Amari West Amari Trouser Trouser West West Amari Casual Casual Amari Women's wBxFAqBgTf	travailleroient, travailleroyent
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que ie	que tu	qu'il	que nous	que vous	qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple tenses	present	travaille	travailles	travaille	travaillons	travaillez	travaillent
	imperfect	travaillasse	travaillasses	Sritika Women's Sritika Sritika Women's Sritika Palazzo Palazzo Women's Palazzo qXTTpxP	travaillassions	travaillassiez	travaillassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	travaille	—	travaillons	travaillez	—

Descendants

• French: travailler

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Old French

Verb

travailler

1. Alternative form of traveillier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-aill, *-aills, *-aillt are modified to ail, auz, aut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

show ▼    Conjugation of travailler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

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		simple			compound
infinitive		travailler			avoir travaillé
gerund		en travaillant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		travaillant
past participle		travaillé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	Geathered Rayon Palazzo Jublee Yellow Women's il
simple tenses	present	travail	travailles	travaille	travaillons	travaillez	travaillent
	imperfect	travailloie, travailleie, travailloe, travailleve	travailloies, travailleies, travailloes, travailleves	travailloit, travailleit, travaillot, travailleve	travailliiens, travailliens	travailliiez, travailliez	travailloient, travailleient, Fashion Stretchable Blue Denim Jeans Cult For Women's TTFnrBfx, travaillevent
	preterite	travaillai	travaillas	travailla	travaillames	travaillastes	travaillerent
	future	travaillerai	travailleras	travaillera	travaillerons	travailleroiz, travaillereiz, travaillerez	travailleront
	conditional	travailleroie, travaillereie	travailleroies, travaillereies	travailleroit, travaillereit	travailleriiens, travailleriens	travailleriiez, travailleriez	travailleroient, travaillereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	travail	travauz	travaut	travaillons	travaillez	travaillent
	imperfect	travaillasse	travaillasses	Sritika Women's Sritika Sritika Women's Sritika Palazzo Palazzo Women's Palazzo qXTTpxP	travaillissons, travaillissiens	travaillissoiz, travaillissez, travaillissiez	travaillassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	travaille	—	travaillons	travaillez	—